conceptual model ROY
History Calista Roy
Sister Calista Roy is one of the sisters of Saint Joseph of Carondelet. Roy was born on 14 october 1939 in Los Angeles, California. Roy received a Bachelor of Art in Nursing in 1963 from Mount Saint Marys College and a Master's Degree in Pediatric Nursing Saint in 1966 at the University of California Los Angeles.
Roy started the job with the adaptation theory of nursing in 1964 when he graduated from the University of California Los Angeles. In a seminar with Dorrothy E. Johnson, Roy being challenged to develop a concept model of nursing. The concept of adaptation within the framework of Roy's influence is in accordance with the concept of nursing. Starting with the systems theory approach. Roy added an adaptation of the work Helsen (1964), an expert in physiology - psychology. To begin to build understanding of the concept. Helsen interpret the adaptive response as a function of the arrival of the stimulus until the achievement of the degree of adaptation to the needs of individuals. The degree of adaptation is formed by three types of stimulus drive are: focal stimuli, konsektual stimuli and residual stimuli.
Roy's adaptation theory Helson combining with the definitions and views of humans as adaptive systems. In addition to these concepts, Roy also adapted the value of "Humanism" in the conceptual model derived from the concept AH Maslow to explore the beliefs and values of humans. According to Roy humanism in nursing is the belief, against human coping ability can improve health status.
As the model evolved, Roy describes the work of other experts from other experts in areas such as adaptation Dohrenwend (1961), Lazarus (1966), Mechanic (1970) and Selye (1978). After several years, this model developed into a framework of nursing education, nursing practice and research. By 1970, the adaptation model of nursing is implemented as a basic baccalaureate nursing curriculum at Mount Saint Mary's College. Since then it is more than 1500 faculty and students helped to clarify, refine, and expand the model. The use of model practices also play an important role for further clarifications and screening models.
A research study in 1971, and survey research in the year 1976 to 1977 showed some temporary assertion of the model adaptation. Development of adaptation model of nursing was influenced by Roy's background and professionalism. In the philosophy of Roy trust their innate abilities, goals, and humanitarian values, clinical experience have fostered the belief in the harmony of body and spirit manausia. Roy philosophical beliefs more clearly in his new job on the adaptation model of nursing.
Major Definitions and Concepts
Major concepts that build a conceptual framework roy adaptation model is:
1.Sistem is the unity of several units that are interconnected and form one unified whole with a marked presence of input, controls, processes, outputs, and feedback.
2.Derajat adaptation is a change in equipment as a result of focal stimuli, contextual and residual individual standards, so that humans can respond adaptively own.
3.Problem adaptation are events or situations that are not adequate to the decrease or increase in demand.
4.Stimulus is the degree of change or focal stimulus that directly require that humans respond adaptively. Focal stimulus is the precipitation changes in behavior.
Contextual 5.Stimulus are all other stimuli that accompany and contribute to changes in behavior caused or triggered by a focal stimulus.
6.Stimulus residuals are all factors that may contribute to changes in behavior, but has yet to be validated.
7.Regulator is a subsystem of an automatic mechanism for coping with the neural response, cemikal, and endocrine processes.
8.Kognator is a subsystem of the mechanisms of coping with the response through a complex process of perception of information, taking, making and learning.
9.Model adaptive effector is kognator namely; Fisiologikal, Pean function, interdependence and self-concept.
10.Respon adaptive response is the increase of human integrity in achieving its goal to sustain human life, reproductive growth.
11.Fisiologis are physiological needs, including basic needs and how the adaptation process conducted for the regulation of fluid and electrolytes, aktivits and rest, elimination, nutrition, circulation and temperature regulation, sensation, and endocrine processes.
12.Konsep self-confidence and feelings are all adopted by individuals within a single time in the form: perceptions, participation of other people's reactions and behavior directly. Including the views of the physical (body image and self sensation) to produce the consistency of personality self, ideal self, or self-expectations, morals and personal ethics.
13.Penampilan role is the role of appearance-related functions of his job in a social environment.
14.Interdependensi is an individual relationship with others is important and as a support system. Within this model, including how to maintain the physical integrity with maintenance and influence learning.
Conceptual Model of Adaptation roy
Four key elements are included in the adaptation model of nursing are: (1) human, (2) Environment, (3) health, (4) nursing. Elements of nursing consists of two parts, namely tujua nursing and nursing activities, is also included in elememn important to the concept of adaptation.
1.Manusia
Roy suggested that the human being as an adaptive system. As an adaptive system, humans can be described holistically as a single unit having input, control, output, and feedback processes. Process control is a coping mechanism that is manifested by way of adaptation. More specifically human is defined sabagai an adaptive system with kognator activity and regulators to maintain adaptation adaptation in four ways, namely: physiological function, self concept, role function and interdependence.
In the adaptation model of nursing, human beings are described as a living system, open and adaptive to experience the power and substances with environmental changes. As the human adaptive system can be described in terms of system characteristics, so humans are seen as an integral and interconnected between the functional units as a whole or several functional units for some purposes. As a human system can also be described in terms of input, process control and feedback and output.
Added on humans as an adaptation system is to receive input from the external environment and the environment within the individual itself. Input or stimulus, including variable satandar opposite that feedback can be compared. This is the standard variable internal stimuli that have a level of adaptation and represent the range of human stimulus that can be tolerated by those businesses which are usually done.
The process of human beings as a system of controls is a coping mechanism of adaptation that has been identified as follows: subsystem regulator and subsystem kognator. Kognator regulators and is described as the action of an effector hubunganya of four ways of adaptation, namely: physiological function, self concept, role function and interdependence.
Human
1. Humans are defined as recipients of nursing care. Human beings as living systems that are in constant interaction with the environment is marked by changes of internal and external
2. These changes require that humans maintain its integrity, ie continuous adaptation
3. Roy identified the unit as a stimulus. Stimulus is a unit of
4. information materials or energy from the environment or herself as a response.
5. along with the stimulus, the level of adaptation is the reach of human stimulus that can adapt its response with reasonable effort.
6. Levels of adaptation and human systems are influenced by individual growth and usage of coping mechanisms
7. Roy categorize the results as an adaptive response system and inefektif
8. Adaptive response is all that refers to human integrity is all behavior that looks as human beings can understand the purpose of life, growth, production and power
9. Response inefektif not support these goals
10. Roy uses the term coping mechanism to explain the process of human control as adaptive systems
Adaptation response diagram
PROCESS
1. Coping
2. Regulatory mechanisms and kognator
INPUT
1. Stimulus
2. Rate adaptation
OUTPUT
1. Adaptation
2. Response inefekti
Effector is described by Roy as follows:
1. Physiological adaptation model
Physiological adaptation model consists of: Oxygenation
1.
1. Nutrition
2. Elimination
3. Activity and rest
4. Sensory
5. Fluids and electrolytes
6. Skin integrity
7. Nerve function
8. Endocrine function
1. Self concept
Referring to the values, beliefs, emotions, ideals, and the attention given to overcome such physical conditions
Role function
Describes the relationship of individual interaction with others who reflected on the role of the first, second and so on.
1. Model dependence
Identifying the human values, love and seriousness. This process occurs in human relationships with individuals and groups.
Nursing
Roy identified the goal of nursing as an increase of the adaptation process. Adaptation level is determined by the size of both focal stimuli, contextual or residual
Model planned maintenance activities as an increase in adaptation responses of healthy or sick situation. As the restriction is an approach that represents nurses to manipulate action focal stimuli, contextual and residual that deviates in humans. Focal stimuli can be modified and nurses can improve the adaptation response by manipulating the contextual and residual stimuli. Nurses can anticipate the possibility of a secondary response which is not effective on the same stimuli in certain circumstances.
Nurses can also prepare for the anticipated human being by strengthening the regulator kognator and coping mechanisms.
HEALTH
Roy identifies as the status and the combined processes of the human condition, expressed as the ability to set goals, live, grow, growing, producing and directing
ENVIRONMENT
Roy identifies the specific circumstances of all the circumstances, conditions and around and feeling the effects of environment and behavior of individuals and groups
